Las esponjas en el Perú y su potencial como fuente de compuestos antibacterianos
Sponges in Peru and their potential as a source of antibacterial compounds
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2022.51.2.1171Palabras clave:
actividad antimicrobiana, bacteria, biodiversidad marina, biotecnología, PoriferaResumen
En las últimas décadas, las esponjas se han perfilado como la mayor fuente de principios activos de origen animal, con fines farmacéuticos. En el Perú, la información sobre estos animales es incipiente y dispersa, lo cual limita la toma de medidas correctas para su adecuado manejo, aprovechamiento y conservación. El objetivo de este estudio es brindar una actualización sobre los alcances y perspectivas de la investigación sobre esponjas en el Perú, con énfasis en la riqueza de especies y su potencial antibacteriano. Asimismo, se revisan las iniciativas de investigación de otros países del Pacífico sudamericano. Los esfuerzos de investigación en el Perú han permitido la descripción de 46 especies; sin embargo, se considera que la riqueza se encuentra aún subestimada. Por otro lado, en otras latitudes, se han aislado principios activos con actividad antimicrobiana de por lo menos 36 especies pertenecientes a 11 de los 25 géneros registrados para el Perú (44 %), sugiriendo el alto potencial de las esponjas peruanas como fuente de metabolitos antibacterianos. Se concluye que la implementación de proyectos que integren la investigación de esponjas a diferentes escalas es necesaria para contribuir al desarrollo de planes de innovación y bionegocios en las industrias pesquera, acuícola, y farmacéutica.
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