Hongos endófitos aislados de manglares en la Reserva Natural San Pedro, Buenaventura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2023.52.2.1231Palabras clave:
Análisis molecular, asociación hongo-huésped, ecosistemas costeros, patógenos fúngicos.Resumen
Los árboles de mangle crecen en zonas estuarinas de las regiones tropicales y subtropicales, donde prestan importantes servicios económicos, ecológicos y culturales. Los estudios han demostrado que estos árboles son importantes reservorios de microorganismos fúngicos, que comprenden una serie de hongos morfológicamente diversos incluyendo patógenos, endófitos o saprobios,
desempeñando un papel clave en el ciclado de nutrientes, protección del hospedero frente a condiciones adversas y, en muchas ocasiones, el declive de los hospederos. Con el fin de determinar la diversidad de hongos endófitos asociados a árboles de mangle en la Reserva Natural San Pedro, Buenaventura, Colombia; se colectaron ramas sanas (longitud aprox. 10 cm) de Laguncularia racemosa, Mora oleifera, Pelliciera rhizophorae y Rhizophora racemosa para los respectivos aislamientos fúngicos. Se extrajo ADN y se amplificó la región del espaciador transcrito interno (ITS), seguido de análisis filogenéticos tales como Bayesiano (BI), Máxima Verosimilitud (ML) y Máxima Parsimonia (MP). En total se identificaron nueve géneros, Bipolaris, Ciboria, Coprinellus, Cylindrobasidium, Epicoccum, Fusarium,
Lasiodiplodia, Neofusicoccum y Neurospora pertenecientes a ocho familias. De estos, Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia y Neofusicoccum son bien conocidos por su alto potencial para amenazar la salud de sus huéspedes cuando sus condiciones son adversas, igualmente los hongos
endófitos también cumplen un papel importante en la producción de biocompuestos para la protección de sus hospedaros.
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