Assessment of water quality using multivariate analysis in estuaries of the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras
Calidad de agua en los esteros del Golfo de Fonseca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2023.52.1.1181Keywords:
water quality, estuaries, Gulf of Fonseca, Pacific Honduras, physicochemical variablesAbstract
Excessive nutrient enrichment is a contributing factor to the degradation of estuarine ecosystems, influenced by anthropogenic activities and natural processes. The objective of this study was to describe each of the environmental variables in eight estuaries of the Gulf
of Fonseca over time and to analyze them using multivariate statistical techniques. Water quality data were collected from eight estuaries in the Gulf of Fonseca that included seven environmental variables between 2000-2015. They were analyzed using water quality
criteria, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The PCA resulted in three components that explained 72.6 % of the total variance. The analyses indicated that the San Bernardo, La Jagua, El Garcero, Perejiles, Pedregales and Berbería estuaries had high levels
of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), settleable solids and alkalinity, constituting the group with the highest concentration of nutrients. The Purgatorio and Barrancones estuaries had optimal water quality levels and therefore constituted the
group with the lowest concentration of nutrients. It is necessary to take preventive measures to encourage the development of aquatic life by guiding effective regulation and systematic control of effluents and tributaries to achieve an effective coastal service to support future
management and restoration efforts.
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