Vulnerabilidad de los servicios ecosistémicos del área marina protegida Uramba
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.SuplEsp.1055Palabras clave:
amenazas, resiliencia, riesgo, Pacífico colombiano, Pacífico Oriental TropicalResumen
Los sistemas marinos y costeros del área marina protegida (AMP) Uramba, así como en el resto del mundo, proporcionan una gran variedad de servicios ecosistémicos (i. e. protección costera, regulación de ciclos geoquímicos o provisión de alimento, etc.). Amenazas naturales y/o antropogénicas (i. e. como la erosión costera, el aumento relativo en el nivel del mar o la sobrepesca) pueden transformar, degradar o limitar el suministro de estos servicios ecosistémicos. Este estudio explora el grado de vulnerabilidad que
presentan los servicios ecosistémicos del AMP Uramba ante las amenazas naturales y antropogénicas presentes. Los métodos incluyen
una revisión bibliográfica, un taller de expertos, trabajo de campo para la validación y la georreferenciación de servicios y amenazas. Para
calcular la vulnerabilidad de los servicios ecosistémicos, se estimó la magnitud de las amenazas, su riesgo y su capacidad de resiliencia. Las amenazas naturales y antropogénicas más frecuentes se encuentran en la región externa del AMP Uramba, en las localidades de Juanchaco,
Ladrilleros y Base Naval. El aumento en el nivel del mar es la amenaza que más podría vulnerar los servicios ecosistémicos del AMP Uramba, incluyendo los siguientes: protección costera en playas arenosas, planos lodosos y manglares; regulación climática en playas arenosas y planos lodosos; recreación y turismo en playas arenosas y manglares; mantenimiento de ciclos de vida en manglares, y provisión de alimentos en planos lodosos. Los servicios ecosistémicos de la costa rocosa están amenazados principalmente por deslizamientos, y en el ecosistema pelágico por la sobrepesca.
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