Variación espacio-temporal de larvas de peces en el golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.1.778Palabras clave:
ictioplancton, golfo de Guayaquil, variables hidrográficas, estuario, EcuadorResumen
Este estudio presenta la densidad, composición taxonómica, distribución espacial y temporal de larvas de peces en el golfo de Guayaquil, así como la relación con algunas variables físico-químicas. Se recolectaron muestras en 16 estaciones, tomadas en la primera milla náutica del estuario externo e interior del golfo, ubicadas frente a la provincia de Guayas y noroeste de la isla Puná, durante junio a diciembre de 2012. Se realizaron arrastres superficiales con una red cónica simple (ojo de malla: 300 μm; diámetro de boca: 0,3 m; largo: 1,2 m). La temperatura, salinidad y transparencia fueron medidas antes de cada arrastre. Se detectaron diferencias significativas entre zonas, registrando mayor temperatura, menor salinidad y transparencia en el estuario interior. Se colectaron 321 638 ind/100m3 de larvas de peces, pertenecientes a 13 familias y 36 especies entre la zona externa e interna. Engraulidae (58,9 %) fue la familia más abundante en las estaciones del estuario exterior, seguida de Sciaenidae (22,8 %) y Haemulidae (9,6 %). Las familias más frecuentes en el estuario interior fueron Engraulidae (74,4 %) y Gobiidae (16,1 %). El 85 % de la densidad total fue aportada por cinco especies, de las cuales Anchoa sp. y Bairdiella sp. fueron las más abundantes y dominantes, principalmente durante diciembre. La estructura y composición de la comunidad larvaria fue significativamente diferentes entre áreas (MW-U= 450; p < 0,05) y meses de muestreo (KW=14,24; p < 0,05), con mayores registros en el estuario exterior durante diciembre. Con el análisis de redundancia (ADR) se observa que, en el área externa, las especies estuvieron asociadas con la transparencia del agua, mientras que las especies que concurrieron en la zona interna se relacionaron positivamente con la salinidad. En términos generales, la abundancia y riqueza de larvas de peces en el área externa del golfo de Guayaquil está relacionada con las condiciones de transparencia y salinidad local, las cuales favorecieron a la presencia larval.
Citas
Able, K., J. Manderson and A. Studholme. 1999. Habitat quality for shallow water fishes in an urban estuary: the effects of man-made structures on growth. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 187: 227-235.
Arias de la Peña, C.M. 1991. Preliminary study of some groups of the ichthyoplankton of the Gulf of Nicoya. Costa Rica. Master’s Thesis. Univ. Costa Rica.
Ayón, H. 1987. Main geomorphological features of the Ecuadorian coast. Guayaquil. 10 p.
Barletta, M. and A. Barletta-Bergan. 2009. Endogenous activity rhythms of larval fish assemblages in a mangrove-fringed estuary in North Brazil. Open. Fish. Sci. J., 2: 15-24.
Barletta, M., A. Barletta-Bergan and U. Saint-Paul. 1998. The description of the fishery structure in the mangrove dominated region of Braganga (State of Pará-North Brazil). Ekotropical, 4: 41-53.
Barletta-Bergan, A., M. Barletta and U. Saint-Paul. 2002. Structure and seasonal dynamics of larval fish in the Caeté River in northern Brazil. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 154: 193-206.
Beck, M., K. Heck, K. Able, D. Childers, D. Eggleston, B. Gillanders, B. Halpern, C. Hays, K. Hostino, T. Minello, R. Orth, P. Sheridanand and M. Weinstein. 2001. The role of nearshore ecosystems as fish and shellfish nurseries. Bioscience, 51: 633-641.
Beltrán-León, B. and R. Ríos. 2000. Early stages of fish in the Colombian Pacific. Vol. 1. National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Buenaventura. 359 p.
Beltrán-León, B. and R. Ríos. 2001. Early stages of fish of the Colombian Pacific. Volume 2. National Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Buenaventura. 360-727 p.
Boyer, J., J. Fourqrean and R. Jones. 1997. Spatial characterization of water quality in Florida Bay and Whitewater Bay by multivariate analyzes: Zones of similar influence. Estuaries, 20: 743-758.
CAAM (Environmental Advisory Commission). 1995. Development and environmental problems of the Gulf of Guayaquil area. Create Image, Quito.
Calderón, G. 2011. Catalog of fish eggs and larvae collected in Ecuadorian waters. Special Bull., 2(4): 118.
Calderón, G., G. Ayora and E. Elías. 2018. Distribution and abundance of ichthyoplankton within the first nautical mile off the province of Santa Elena Ecuador. Rev. Cienc. Mar Limnol., 12(1): 10.
Cajas, L. and D. Hinostroza. 1981. Clupeid and engraulid eggs and larvae in the Gulf of Guayaquil. Rev. Cienc. Mar. Limnol., 2: 37-47.
Cowan Jr, J.H. and R.F. Shaw. 2002. Recruitment: 88-111. In: Fuiman L.A. and R.G. Werner (Eds.). Fish. Sci.: the unique contributions of the early stages. Blackwell Science. 326 p.
Cucalón, E. 1996. First part: Oceanography and physical systems. In Biophysical Systems of the Gulf of Guayaquil (1st ed.: 1-109). Quito: Environmental Advisory Commission of the Presidency of the Republic of Ecuador.
Day, J.W, C.A.S. Hall, W.M. Kemp and A. Yañez-Arancibia (Eds). Estuarine Ecology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 558 p.
Favero, M. and C.A. Lasta. 2001. Fish breeding area of the Samborombón Bay (Argentina) as sustenance for migratory fish-eating birds: trophic interactions. Final report. Torch Foundation. Project A-13672/1-4: 44.
García, M.L. 1983. Variability in the distribution and abundance of mackerel eggs and larvae (Scomber japonicus peruanus) and some clupeids in Ecuadorian waters. FAO Fish. Rep., 291(2): 553.
Hammer, O., D. Harper and P. Ryan. 2001. Paleontological statistics software: package for education and data analysis. Palaeontol. Electron., 4: 1-9.
Holliday, F.G.T. 1971: Salinity: Animals-Fishes: 997-1033. In: Kinne, O. (Ed.). Marine Ecology Vol. 1. Part. 2. Wiley-Interscien, London.
Jiménez, I.L. 2008. Prospecting ichthyoplankton on the surface of the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Period 19.sep-08.oct.04.regional study of the El Niño phenomenon (ERFEN). Thesis. Univ. Militar Nueva Granada.
Jiménez, R and D. Bonilla. 1980. Composition and distribution of plankton biomass on the equatorial front. Inocate Ecuador Oceanogr. Act. Pac., 1(1): 19-64.
Kaunda-Arara, B., J.M. Mwaluma, G.A. Locham, V. Oresland and M.K. Osore. 2009. Temporal variability in fish larval supply to Malindi Marine Park, coastal Kenya. Aquat. Conserv. Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 19(S1): S10-S18.
Ketchum, B.H. 1992. Ecosystems of the World. Est. Encl. Be., 183-203.
Krebs, C. 1999. Ecological methodology. Benjamin Cumming. California. 760 p.
Laroche, J., E. Baran and N.B. Rasoanandrasana. 1997. Temporal patterns in a fish assemblage of a semiarid mangrove zone in Madagascar. J. Fish Biol., 51: 3-20.
Luzuriaga de Cruz, M., D. Ortega and E. Elías. 1998. Abundance and distribution of ichthyoplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton in the Ecuadorian Sea in April 1995. Act. Oceanogr. Esp., 9(1).
Maes, J., A. Taillieu., P.A. Van Damme, K. Cottenie and F. Ollevier. 1998. Seasonal patterns in the fish and crustacean community of a turbid temperate estuary (Zeeschelde Estuary. Belgium). Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 47: 143-151.
McCune, B. and J.B. Grace. 2002. Analysis of ecological communities. Bruce McCune, US. 143-164.
McLuski, D. and E. Marriot. 2011. Challenging paradigms in estuarine ecology and management. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 94.
Meadow, M. and R. Buchelli. 2012. Distribution and abundance of plankton in the Daule-Peripa reservoir during 2011-2012. Bol. Cient. Tecn., 14(2).
Montaño-Armijos, M. and T. Sanfeliu-Montolio. 2008. Guayas ecosystems (Ecuador). Environ. Sust. Rev. Tecn. ESPOL., 21(1): 1-6.
Morais, T. 1994. The abundance and diversity of larval and juvenile fish in a tropical estuary. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 17: 216-225.
Moser, H.G. 1996. The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. CalCOFI. Atlas No. 33. 1505 p.
Moser, H.G. and P.E. Smith. 1993. Larval fish assemblages and oceanic boundaries. Bull. Mar. Sci., 53(2): 283-289.
Neira, F. and I. Potter. 1992. Movement of larval fishes through the entrance channel of a seasonally open estuary in Western Australia. Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 35: 213-224.
Ocaña-Luna, A. and M. Sánchez-Ramírez. 2003. Diversity of Ichthyoplankton in Tampamachoco Lagoon. Veracruz. Mexico. An. Inst. Biol., 74(2): 179-193.
Ortega, D., E. Elías and R Zurita. 1996. Distribution of ichthyoplankton and zooplankton on the Ecuadorian coast in September 1995. Bol. Cient. Tec., 14(1): 52-64.
Ottersen, G., S. Kim, G. Huse, J. J. Polovina and N.C. Stenseth. 2010. Major pathways by which climate may force marine fish populations. J. Mar. Syst., (3): 343-360.
Pérez-Ruzafa, A., M.C. Mompean and C. Marcos. 2007. Hydrographic, geomorphologic and fish assemblage relationships in coastal lagoons. Hydrobiologia, 107-125.
Peribonio, R., R. Repelín, M. Luzuriaga, D. Hinostroza and M.E. Villarroel. 1981. Ecological study of the mesoplankton of the Gulf of Guayaquil abundance. nictemeral cycles and relationships between the Guayas river estuary and the ocean. Bol. Cient. Tecn., 4(2).
Pittman, S.C., A. McAlpine and K. Pittman. 2004. Linking fish and prawns to their environment: a hierarchical landscape approach. Mar. Ecol. Prog Ser., 283: 233-254.
Prado, M., L. Troccoli and E. Moncayo. 2015. Structural changes of microfitoplankton in the coastal zone of the El Oro-Ecuador province in the dry season. Bol. Inst. Oceanogr. Venez., 542: 139-152.
Ramos, S., R. Cowen and A. Bordalo. 2005. Temporal and spatial distributions of larval fish assemblages in the Lima estuary (Portugal). Est. Coast. Shelf Sci., 66: 303-314.
Richards, W.J. and K.C. Lindeman. 1987. Recruitment dynamics of reef fishes’ planktonic processes settlement and demersal ecologies and fishery analysis. Bull. Mar. Sci., (41): 392-410.
Richards, W. 2005. Early stages of Atlantic fishes: an identification guide for the Western Central North Atlantic. Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis Group. CRC Press. Boca Raton. USES. 2640 p.
Saborido, F. 2008. Ecology of reproduction and reproductive potential in marine fish populations. Inst. Invest. Mar. Univ. Vigo. 71 p.
Salcedo, J. and D. Coello. 2018. Plankton dynamics in the first nautical mile off the province of El Oro. Ecuador. Rev. Biol. Trop., 66(2): 836-847.
Sánchez-Ramírez, G. 1997. Abundance, growth and mortality of Chloroscombrus chysurus (Pisces Carangidae) larvae in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Doctoral thesis. Univ. Nac. Aut. México. 85 p.
Shannon, C.E. and W. Weaver. 1963. The mathematical theory of communication. Urban. Univ. Illinois Press, 117 p.
Silva-Segundo, C.A, R. Funes-Rodríguez, M.E. Hernández-Rivas, E. Ríos-Jara, E.G. Robles-Jarero and A. Hinojosa-Medina. 2008. Associations of fish larvae in relation to environmental changes in the Bays of Chamela, Jalisco and Santiago, Manzanillo, Colima (2001-2002). Hydrobiologia, 18(1): 89-103.
Smith, E. and S. Richardson. 1979. Model techniques for prospecting eggs and larvae of pelagic fish. FAO. Doc. Tec. Pesca, (175): 1-107.
Sheskin, D. 2004. Parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures. Chapman and Hall. Boca Raton. US. 423 p.
Stevenson, M. 1981. Seasonal variations in the Gulf of Guayaquil, a tropical estuary. Bol. Cient. Tecn., 4(1): 5-28.
Tsirtsis, G. and M. Karydis. 1998. Evaluation of phytoplankton community indices for detecting eutrophic trends in the marine environment. Environ. Monit. Assess., 50: 255-269.
Torres, G., V. Calderón, E. Franco, T. Cedeño and E. Salazar. 2003-2004. Composition of plankton in the Puntilla de Santa Elena during August 2002. Act. Oceanogr. Pac., 12(1): 63-74.
Twilley, R., W. Cárdenas, V. Rivera-Monroy, J. Espinoza, R. Suescum, M. Armijos and L. Solórzano. 2001. The Gulf of Guayaquil and the Guayas river estuary. Ecuador: 245-263. Coast. Mar. Ecosyst. of Latin America.
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana. 1988. FAO species catalog. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalog of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies, and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulidae. FAO Fish. Syn., 125(17): 305-579.
Whitehead, P.J.P. and R. Rodríguez-Sánchez. 1995. Engraulidae. In: Fischer W. F Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (Eds). FAO Guide to Species Identification for Fishing Purposes. Central-Eastern Pacific. Vol. II and III Parts 1 and 2: 1067-1068.
Whitfield, A. 1989. Fish larval composition abundance and seasonality in a Southern-African estuarine lake. S.A. J. Zool., 24: 217-224.
Whitfield, A. 1999. Ichthyofaunal assemblages in estuaries: A South African case study. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 9: 151-186.
Yáñez-Arancibia, A. and R. Nugent. 1977. The ecological role of fish in estuaries and coastal lagoons. An. Centro Cien. Mar Limnol. Univ. Nac. Auton. Mexico. 4: 107-117.
Yáñez-Arancibia, A., A.L. Lara-Domínguez, A. Aguirre-León, S. Díaz-Ruiz, F. Amezcua-Linares, D. Flores-Hernández and P. Chavance. 1985. Ecology of dominant fish populations in tropical estuaries: environmental factors that regulate biological strategies and production: 311-366. In: Yáñez-Arancibia, A. (Ed.). Fish community ecology in estuaries and coastal lagoons: Towards ecosystem integration. Univ. Nac. Aut. México.
