Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras

Vol. 53 Núm. 2 (2024)
Articulos de revisión

Macroalgas rojas: una alternativa ecológica para la agricultura sostenible del Ecuador.

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  • Angela Pacheco,
  • Estefany Lema Choez,
  • Jaime Naranjo-Morán,
  • Patricia Manzano Santana
Angela Pacheco
1 Carrera de Biotecnología, Grupo de Investigaciones en Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas (GIAB); Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Campus María Auxiliadora, Km 19.5 Vía a la Costa, P.O. Box 09-01-5863. Guayaquil, Ecuador
Estefany Lema Choez
Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador
Jaime Naranjo-Morán
Universidad Politecnica Salesiana
Patricia Manzano Santana
Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador
Mecanismos de acción de los extractos de algas.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2024.53.2.1311

Publicado 2024-07-02

Palabras clave

  • bioestimulantes,
  • agroquímicos,
  • metabolitos algales/macroalgales

Cómo citar

1.
Pacheco A, Lema Choez E, Naranjo-Morán J, Manzano Santana P. Macroalgas rojas: una alternativa ecológica para la agricultura sostenible del Ecuador. Bol. Investig. Mar. Costeras [Internet]. 2 de julio de 2024 [citado 22 de diciembre de 2024];53(2):143-68. Disponible en: https://boletin.invemar.org.co/ojs/index.php/boletin/article/view/1311

Derechos de autor 2024 Angela Pacheco

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.

Resumen

El empleo de compuestos bioactivos extraídos de macroalgas en forma de formulaciones agrícolas representa una tecnología emergente con gran potencial para reducir la dependencia de agroquímicos sintéticos. Al presente, los extractos de algas marinas se consideran
un recurso sostenible debido a su carácter biodegradable. En esta revisión se discute su potencial para reemplazar o reducir a una variedad de moléculas sintéticas en cultivos económicamente importantes, tales como fertilizantes sintéticos nitrogenados y fosfatados, reguladores del crecimiento hormonales sintéticos y plaguicidas organoclorados y organofosforados. Por la presencia de una extensa gama
de sustancias bioactivas ya registradas en ciertas algas se prevén como buenos candidatos para la producción de bioformulaciones vegetales.
En este sentido, el aprovechamiento comercial y biotecnológico de las macroalgas podría beneficiar la economía local. Sin embargo, pese
a todo el potencial de las algas existe muy poca información de su contenido metabolómico o químico total. Esta revisión bibliográfica
resume información que propone el uso de las macroalgas Kappaphycus. alvarezii, Acanthophora spicifera e Hypnea spinella dentro del
sector agrícola ecuatoriano como alternativa para la reducción de pesticidas.

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