Dinámica de la contaminación por microplásticos en un Área Marina Protegida del Caribe colombiano: caracterización espacial, estacional y de polímeros
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La contaminación por microplásticos es un problema ambiental globalmente reconocido, especialmente en ecosistemas marinos. Sin embargo, los patrones de contaminación por microplásticos (MPs) en el Mar Caribe y en las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP) son poco estudiados. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la abundancia, distribución, profundidad, estacionalidad y fuentes potenciales de microplásticos en el AMP del Archipiélago del Rosario y San Bernardo, ubicado en el Caribe colombiano. El muestreo se realizó en las estaciones costeras y oceánicas utilizando redes Manta y Mini-bongo para recolectar microplásticos en aguas superficiales y subsuperficiales durante temporadas contrastantes en 2022. Los resultados mostraron las mayores abundancias de MPs durante la temporada de lluvias debido a la influencia del río Magdalena sobre el área, mientras que durante la temporada seca los microplásticos estuvieron asociados con el Giro ciclónico de Panamá-Colombia. Las aguas subsuperficiales contenían microplásticos más pequeños que las aguas superficiales, incrementando el riesgo de ingestión por parte de organismos marinos. La mayor presencia de microplásticos se caracterizaron principalmente por fibras y fragmentos identificados como poliéster-algodón, PET y polipropileno. Estos hallazgos subrayan el papel de los factores oceanográficos regionales y antropogénicos en la distribución de microplásticos en el área, destacando la necesidad urgente de monitoreo sistemático y desarrollo de políticas regionales para AMP en el Sur del Caribe.
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