Conectividad global y caracterización genética de la tortuga carey (Eretmochelysimbricata) en el Parque Nacional Natural Islas del Rosario y San Bernardo, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2026.55.2.1384Palabras clave:
zona de alimentación, diversidad genética, análisis de mezcla de poblaciones, filogeografíaResumen
Comprender la dinámica poblacional de la tortuga carey (Eretmochelys imbricata), una especie migratoria en peligro crítico, es esencial para una planificación de conservación efectiva. Este estudio examinó la estructura genética, la diversidad y la conectividad de tortugas carey del PNN Islas del Rosario, Colombia, utilizando secuencias de ADN mitocondrial de la región control. Se amplificaron diecinueve muestras, que generaron diez haplotipos integrados en un conjunto de 396 secuencias que representan 1872 individuos. Una red de haplotipos construida mediante el método median-joining reveló cuatro clados filogeográficos que abarcan el Atlántico occidental, el Atlántico oriental y dos linajes del Indo-Pacífico. Las muestras de Colombia se agruparon dentro del clado del Atlántico occidental, compartiendo haplotipos con Puerto Rico, Brasil y las Antillas Menores, además de contener haplotipos novedosos. Los índices de diversidad identificaron a Colombia como una de las localidades más diversas del Atlántico occidental (h = 0.971 ± 0.027; π = 1% ± 0.005), mientras que Cuba (h = 0.091 ± 0.049; π = 0.1% ± 0.001) y Guadalupe (h = 0.131± 0.053; π = 0.1% ± 0.001) mostraron menor diversidad. Los valores pareados de Fst y Φst indicaron diferenciación moderada a alta en la región; dado que todas las comparaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas, los valores más cercanos a 0 reflejan mayor afinidad matrilineal (por ejemplo, Colombia–Puerto Rico, Fst = 0.102), mientras que valores más altos reflejan menor afinidad (por ejemplo, Cuba–México, Fst = 0.835). El Análisis de Mezcla Poblacional mostró que Colombia alberga una agregación de alimentación vinculada principalmente con Guadalupe y Costa Rica. En conjunto, estos resultados brindan un contexto filogeográfico para la especie en Colombia y resaltan la necesidad de estrategias de conservación multinacionales y coordinadas.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Nadine Hakim de la torre, Daniel Marín, Juan Esteban Jácome Castro, Yabriel Pagán-Benítez, Jaime Alberto-Rojas, Nicole Hakim, Adriana Marcela-Celis, Susana Caballero
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
